Friday, January 17, 2014

Neurotransmitters


Assignment: Research to determine the relationship between these biological components and emotion
AND

Give a thorough explanation of how each works and what areas of the brain are affected.
Norepinephrine
Norpinephrine is neurotransmitter that the brain from the sympathetic neurons that activates because of a stressful event. It affects parts of the brains such as the amygdala, where responses and attention is controlled. When released, it affects your emotion in creating a sense of well-being and a feeling of euphoria.

Serotonin
Serotonin is neurotransmitter that when released into the brain at a proper regulation, can relieve symptoms of anxiety and depression. Its mainly found in the hippocampus, a region of the brain that is primarily associated with memory and spatial navigation. This hormone is mainly linked to emotional and motivational aspect of human behavior. Because of its influence affect of emotions, it is often called the “feel-good” neurotransmitter. It also plays an important role in leaning and in memory, because of its linkage to the hippocampus.


Dopamine
Dopamine is a neurotransmitter that is responsible for movement and emotional response to situations. It can enable us to see rewards and to take action to move towards them. It also affects the ability to experience pleasure and pain. This hormone is linked to depression in the way that a shortage of it, can cause depression. It is mostly found in the substantia nigra and the ventral tegmental area and is released from the hypothalamus.

Thursday, January 16, 2014

Talarico and Rubin Study (2003)

The Talarico and Rubin Study (2003)

Aim: The aim of the study was to see the properties of flashbulb memories and their influence of emotion on the person.Also, the aim was to see whether or not flashbulb memories are more consistent over time than everyday memories.

Procedure: The day after the attacks on the Trade Center (9/11) students at Duke were called on and were tested on memories of hearing about the terrorist attack the previous morning. To do this they used open-ended questionnaires to test them. One group of 18 participants, 4 male 14 female, was tested again 7 days later. The next group of 18, 6 male 12 female, was tested again after 42 days and the last group of 18, 4 male 14 female, was tested 224 days later.

Findings: They found that, just like several other studies, the recall consistency of these “flashbulb” memories was no different than that of everyday memories.

Conclusion: They concluded that Flashbulb memories are not immune to forgetting, and they aren’t any more accurate than other memories either. They fade just as quickly as other memories and have no mechanism to keep them preserved in our brains. The real only difference is the confidence in which they are answering the question. The people reporting these flashbulb are 100% sure their memories are correct.


Limitations: As most studies involving questionnaires, accuracy in which the participants answered the questions can never be known for sure. Also there are always questions on whether or not the participants where drawing from their own memories, or if their recollection  was influenced by the repeated coverage on media.

More Info:


http://911memory.nyu.edu/abstracts/talarico_rubin.pdf